Bizinesi yanjinga yakhala m'modzi mwa anthu ochepa omwe apindula ndi mliri wa coronavirus pomwe anthu akufunafuna njira zolimbikira, kusangalatsa ana komanso kupita kuntchito.Akuti kugulitsa njinga m'dziko lonselo kudakwera ndi 50% chaka chatha.Iyi ndi nkhani yabwino kwa opanga njinga zapakhomo, monga Detroit Bicycles ndi American Bicycle Company (BCA).
Kalekale, dziko la United States linali mtsogoleri padziko lonse popanga njinga.Mafakitole oyendetsedwa ndi makampani monga Huffy, Murray, ndi Schwinn amapanga njinga zochuluka kwambiri chaka chilichonse.Ngakhale kuti mitunduyi ilipobe, kupanga kwasamukira kumayiko akunja zaka zambiri zapitazo.
Mwachitsanzo, Schwinn anapanga njinga yomalizira ku Chicago mu 1982, ndipo Huffy anatseka fakitale yake yapamwamba ku Celina, Ohio mu 1998. M’nthaŵi imeneyi, opanga njinga ena odziŵika kwambiri a ku America, monga Roadmaster ndi Ross, ankatsatira kwambiri.Panthawiyo, mitengo yogulitsira njinga inali itatsika ndi 25% pomwe opanga ku Asia adatsitsa mitengo ndikuwononga phindu.
Malinga ndi Harry Moser, wapampando wa Reshoring Initiative komanso wolemba ndime ya ASSEMBLY ya “Moser on Manufacturing”, opanga njinga za ku America anapanga njinga zoposa 5 miliyoni m’chaka cha 1990. .2015. Ambiri mwa njingazi amapangidwa ndi makampani ang'onoang'ono, omwe amawathandiza okonda njinga zamoto.
Kupanga njinga nthawi zambiri kumakhala bizinesi yozungulira yomwe idakumana ndi zovuta komanso kukhumudwa.Ndipotu, chifukwa cha zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, kuchepa kwa ntchito zapakhomo kwasintha m'zaka zaposachedwapa.
Kaya ndi yoyenda kapena yoyima, njinga zili ndi maubwino ambiri azaumoyo.Chifukwa cha mliri wa coronavirus, anthu ambiri akuganiziranso komwe amachitira masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso momwe amawonongera nthawi yawo yaulere.
"[Chaka chatha] ogula [akuyang'ana] zochitika zakunja ndi zochezeka kwa ana kuti athe kupirira zovuta zomwe zimayenderana ndi maoda apanyumba, ndipo kupalasa njinga ndi koyenera kwambiri," Katswiri wa NPD Group Sports Viwanda a Dirk Sorensen (Dirk Sorenson) adatero Inc., a. kampani yofufuza yomwe imatsata zomwe zikuchitika pamsika.“Potsirizira pake, pali anthu ambiri [okwera njinga] lero kuposa zaka zingapo zapitazi.
"Zogulitsa m'gawo loyamba la 2021 zidakwera 83% kuchokera nthawi yomweyi chaka chatha," adatero Sorensen.“Chidwi cha ogula pogula njinga chikadali chachikulu.”Izi zikuyembekezeka kupitiliza kwa chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri.
M'madera akumidzi, njinga ndizodziwika paulendo waufupi chifukwa zimatha kusunga nthawi yambiri poyerekeza ndi njira zina zoyendera.Kuphatikiza apo, njinga zimathetsa mavuto omwe akuchulukirachulukira monga malo ochepa oimikapo magalimoto, kuyipitsa mpweya komanso kuchulukana kwa magalimoto.Kuphatikiza apo, njira yogawana njinga imalola anthu kubwereka njinga komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mawilo awiri mosavuta kuzungulira mzindawo.
Kuwonjezeka kwa chidwi pa magalimoto amagetsi kwalimbikitsanso kukwera kwa njinga.M'malo mwake, opanga njinga ambiri akupanga zinthu zawo ndi mabatire ang'onoang'ono komanso opepuka, ma mota ndi makina oyendetsa kuti awonjezere mphamvu yabwino yakale.
"Kugulitsa njinga zamagetsi kwakula kwambiri," adatero Sorenson."Mliriwu utabweretsa okwera ambiri pamwambowu, kugulitsa njinga zamagetsi kudakwera kwambiri.Pakati pa masitolo apanjinga, njinga zamagetsi tsopano ndi gulu lachitatu lalikulu la njinga, lachiŵiri pambuyo pa malonda a njinga za m’mapiri ndi njinga za m’misewu.”
"E-bikes akhala otchuka nthawi zonse," akuwonjezera Chase Spaulding, mphunzitsi wodziwa kupanga njinga ndi kupanga ku Southeastern Minnesota State University.Posachedwapa adamaliza maphunziro ake azaka ziwiri ku koleji ya anthu.Spaulding adakhazikitsa pulogalamuyi kuti ikwaniritse zosowa za opanga njinga zakomweko, monga Hed Cycling Products, Quality Bicycle Products ndi Trek Bicycle Corp.
Spalding anati: “Makampani opanga magalimoto apititsa patsogolo magalimoto amagetsi mwachangu kwambiri, ndipo athandiza makampani opanga njinga kupita patsogolo popanda kupirira mtengo wonse wopanga mabatire ndi zida zina.“[Zigawozi zingaphatikizidwe mosavuta] Pomalizira pake, [anthu] ambiri amadzimva kukhala osungika ndipo sadzawonedwa ngati mtundu wachilendo wa ma moped kapena njinga zamoto.”
Malinga ndi Spaulding, njinga za miyala ndi malo ena otentha pamsika.Amakopa kwambiri okwera njinga omwe amakonda kupitiliza kumapeto kwa msewu.Iwo ali pakati pa njinga zamapiri ndi njinga zamsewu, koma amapereka mwayi wapadera wokwera.
Kalekale, njinga zambiri zinkagulitsidwa kudzera mwa ogulitsa njinga zamagulu ndi ogulitsa akuluakulu (monga Sears, Roebuck & Co., kapena Montgomery Ward & Co.).Ngakhale mashopu apanjinga am'deralo akadalipo, ambiri a iwo tsopano amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri za okwera njinga kwambiri.
Masiku ano, njinga zambiri zamsika zimagulitsidwa kudzera mwa ogulitsa akuluakulu (monga Dick's Sporting Goods, Target, ndi Walmart) kapena kudzera pamasamba a e-commerce (monga Amazon).M’zaka zaposachedwapa, pamene anthu ochulukirachulukira akugula zinthu pa intaneti, kugulitsa mwachindunji kwa ogula kwasinthanso bizinesi yanjinga.
Mainland China ndi Taiwan ndi omwe amalamulira msika wapanjinga padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo makampani monga Giant, Merida ndi Tianjin Fujitec amakhala ndi bizinesi yambiri.Magawo ambiri amapangidwanso kutsidya kwa nyanja ndi makampani monga Shimano, omwe amawongolera magawo awiri pa atatu a msika wa zida ndi ma brake.
Ku Ulaya, kumpoto kwa Portugal ndiye likulu la bizinesi yanjinga.Pali makampani opitilira 50 m'derali omwe akupanga njinga, magawo ndi zina.RTE, kampani yayikulu kwambiri yopanga njinga ku Europe, imayendetsa fakitale ku Selzedo, Portugal, yomwe imatha kusonkhanitsa njinga zokwana 5,000 patsiku.
Masiku ano, Reshoring Initiative imati ili ndi opanga njinga ndi mitundu yopitilira 200 yaku America, kuchokera ku Alchemy Bicycle Co. kupita ku Victoria Cycles.Ngakhale ambiri ndi makampani ang'onoang'ono kapena ogawa, pali osewera akulu angapo, kuphatikiza BCA (yothandizira Kent International Corporation) ndi Trek.Komabe, makampani ambiri, monga Ross Bikes ndi SRAM LLC, amapanga zinthu zapakhomo ndikuzipanga kunja.
Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala a Ross amapangidwa ku Las Vegas koma amapangidwa ku China ndi Taiwan.Pakati pa 1946 ndi 1989, bizinesi yabanja idatsegula mafakitale ku Brooklyn, New York ndi Allentown, Pennsylvania, ndi njinga zopangidwa mochuluka isanaleke kugwira ntchito.
"Tikufuna kupanganso njinga ku United States, koma 90% yazinthu, monga kufalitsa (makina omwe amayendetsa unyolo pakati pa ma sprockets kuti asinthe magiya) amapangidwa kutsidya lina," adatero Sean Rose, a. membala wa m'badwo wachinayi.Banjali posachedwa lidaukitsa mtundu womwe udachita upainiya wa njinga zamapiri m'ma 1980s."Komabe, titha kupanga zopanga makonda apa."
Ngakhale kuti zipangizo zina zasintha, njira yosonkhanitsira njinga yakhala yosasintha kwa zaka zambiri.Chojambula cha penti chimayikidwa pazitsulo, ndiyeno zigawo zosiyanasiyana monga mabuleki, matope, magiya, ma handlebars, pedals, mipando ndi mawilo amaikidwa.Nthawi zambiri zogwirira ntchitoyo amazichotsa musananyamuke kuti njingayo ilowe m'katoni yopapatiza.
Chimango nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi mbali zosiyanasiyana zopindika, zopindika komanso zojambulidwa ndi zitsulo za tubular.Aluminiyamu ndi zitsulo ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, koma zida za carbon fiber composite ndi mafelemu a titaniyamu amagwiritsidwanso ntchito panjinga zapamwamba chifukwa cha kulemera kwake.
Kwa anthu wamba, njinga zambiri zimaoneka ndipo zimagwira ntchito mofanana ndi mmene zakhalira kwa zaka zambiri.Komabe, pali njira zambiri kuposa kale.
"Kawirikawiri, msika umakhala wopikisana kwambiri pakupanga mafelemu ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu," adatero Spalding wa Southeastern Minnesota State University.“Njinga za m’mapiri zakhala zamitundumitundu, kuchokera kumtunda, zolimba komanso zosinthika, mpaka zazitali, zotsika komanso zodekha.Tsopano pali zosankha zambiri pakati pa ziwirizi.Mabasiketi amsewu amakhala ndi zosiyana zochepa, koma potengera magawo, geometry, kulemera ndi magwiridwe antchito.Kusiyanako ndi kwakukulu kwambiri.
"Kutumiza ndi gawo lovuta kwambiri pafupifupi pafupifupi njinga zonse masiku ano," Spalding adalongosola."Mudzawonanso ma giya amkati omwe amanyamula magiya 2 mpaka 14 kumalo akumbuyo, koma chifukwa chakukwera mtengo komanso zovuta, kulowera kumakhala kotsika kwambiri ndipo palibe bonasi yofananira.
"Galasi lokhalokha ndilo mtundu wina, monga malonda a nsapato, mukupanga zinthu zamtundu umodzi kuti zigwirizane ndi maonekedwe osiyanasiyana," akutero Spaulding."Komabe, kuwonjezera pa zovuta za kukula kwa nsapato zomwe nsapato zimakumana nazo, chimango sichiyenera kukwanira wogwiritsa ntchito, komanso chiyenera kusunga ntchito, chitonthozo ndi mphamvu mu kukula kwake.
"Choncho, ngakhale nthawi zambiri zimangokhala zophatikizira zingapo zazitsulo kapena kaboni fiber, zovuta zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya geometric zomwe zimaseweredwa zimatha kupanga chimango, makamaka kuyambira pachiyambi, kukhala chovuta kwambiri kuposa chigawo chimodzi chokhala ndi kachulukidwe kagawo kakang'ono komanso kovutirapo.Kugonana,” adatero Spalding."Makona ndi malo a zigawozi zingakhale ndi zotsatira zodabwitsa pa ntchito."
Zak Pashak, pulezidenti wa kampani ya Detroit Bicycle Company anawonjezera kuti: “Malipiro a njinga amaphatikizapo zinthu pafupifupi 40 zochokera kwa ogulitsa pafupifupi 30 osiyanasiyana.Kampani yake yazaka 10 ili m'nyumba ya njerwa yopanda chizindikiro ku West Side ya Detroit, yomwe kale inali kampani ya logo.
Fakitale imeneyi ya 50,000 square foot ndi yapadera chifukwa inapanga njinga yonse ndi manja kuyambira koyambirira mpaka kumapeto, kuphatikizapo chimango ndi mawilo.Panopa, mizere iwiri yochitira misonkhanoyi imapanga avareji ya njinga 50 patsiku, koma fakitale imatha kupanga njinga zokwana 300 patsiku.Kuchepa kwa magawo padziko lonse lapansi komwe kwalepheretsa bizinesi yonse yanjinga kukulepheretsa kampaniyo kuwonjezera kupanga.
Kuphatikiza pakupanga mitundu yake, kuphatikiza mtundu wotchuka wa Sparrow, Detroit Bicycle Company ndiwopanganso mgwirizano.Yasonkhanitsa njinga za Dick's Sporting Goods ndi zombo zamitundu yosiyanasiyana monga Faygo, New Belgium Brewing ndi Toll Brothers.Monga Schwinn posachedwapa adakondwerera chaka chake cha 125th, Detroit Bikes inapanga mndandanda wapadera wa zitsanzo za 500 Collegiate.
Malinga ndi Pashak, mafelemu ambiri a njinga amapangidwa kunja kwa nyanja.Komabe, kampani yake yazaka 10 ndi yapadera pamakampani chifukwa imagwiritsa ntchito zitsulo za chrome kusonkhanitsa mafelemu opangidwa ku United States.Ambiri opanga njinga zapanyumba amagwiritsa ntchito mafelemu awo omwe atumizidwa kunja.Mbali zina, monga matayala ndi mawilo, zimatumizidwanso kunja.
"Tili ndi luso lopanga zitsulo m'nyumba zomwe zimatithandiza kupanga njinga zamtundu uliwonse," adatero Pashak.“Mchitidwewu umayamba ndi kudula ndi kupindika m’mipope yachitsulo yamitundumitundu ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana.Zigawo za tubularzi zimayikidwa mu jig ndikuwotcherera pamanja kuti apange chimango cha njinga.
Pashak anati: “Msonkhano wonse usanapentidwe, mabulaketi okonza mabuleki ndi zingwe za giya azidzawotcheranso pamafelemuwo."Bizinesi yanjinga ikupita patsogolo, koma pano tikuchita zinthu zachikale chifukwa tilibe ziwerengero zokwanira zodzipangira ndalama zopangira makina."
Ngakhale fakitale yaikulu kwambiri ya njinga ku United States sagwiritsa ntchito makina opangira makina, koma izi zatsala pang’ono kusintha.Chomera cha BCA ku Manning, South Carolina chili ndi mbiri yazaka zisanu ndi ziwiri ndipo chimakhala ndi malo a 204,000 square feet.Imapanga njinga zamsika zamsika za Amazon, Home Depot, Target, Wal-Mart ndi makasitomala ena.Ili ndi mizere iwiri yolumikizirana yam'manja-imodzi yanjinga zothamanga limodzi ndi imodzi yanjinga zothamanga - zomwe zimatha kupanga magalimoto okwana 1,500 patsiku, kuphatikiza pa msonkhano wamakono wopaka ufa.
BCA imagwiranso ntchito pamalo ochitira msonkhano wa 146,000 masikweya mita.Imayang'ana pa njinga zamagalimoto ndi zinthu zing'onozing'ono zamagulu opangidwa pamizere yapamanja.Komabe, zinthu zambiri za BCA zimapangidwa ku Southeast Asia.
"Ngakhale tachita zambiri ku South Carolina, zimangotenga pafupifupi 15% ya ndalama zathu," adatero Arnold Kamler, CEO wa Kent International."Tikufunikabe kuitanitsa pafupifupi zigawo zonse zomwe timasonkhanitsa.Komabe, tikupanga mafelemu, mafoloko, zogwirizira ndi ma rimu ku United States.
"Komabe, kuti izi zigwire ntchito, malo athu atsopanowa ayenera kukhala ndi makina apamwamba," akufotokoza motero Kamler.“Pakadali pano tikugula zida zomwe tikufuna.Tikukonzekera kukhazikitsa malowa mkati mwa zaka ziwiri.
“Cholinga chathu ndichofupikitsa nthaŵi yobweretsera,” akutero Kamler, amene wakhala akugwira ntchito m’banja kwa zaka 50."Tikufuna kudzipereka ku mtundu wina masiku 30 pasadakhale.Tsopano, chifukwa cha mayendedwe akunyanja, tikuyenera kupanga chisankho ndikuyitanitsa magawo asanu pasadakhale. ”
"Kuti tikwaniritse bwino kwa nthawi yayitali, tifunika kuwonjezera makina ambiri," adatero Kamler.“Fakitale yathu ili kale ndi makina opangira ma gudumu.Mwachitsanzo, tili ndi makina amene amalowetsa masipoko m’kati mwa magudumu ndi makina ena owongola gudumu.
"Komabe, kumbali ina ya fakitale, chingwe cholumikizira chikadali chamanja kwambiri, chosasiyana kwambiri ndi momwe chinaliri zaka 40 zapitazo," adatero Kamler.“Pakadali pano tikugwira ntchito ndi mayunivesite angapo kuti tithane ndi vutoli.Tikuyembekeza kugwiritsa ntchito maloboti pazinthu zina m'zaka ziwiri zikubwerazi. ”
Mtsogoleri wamkulu wa Akaunti ya Fanuc America Corp Global a James Cooper anawonjezera kuti: “Tikuwona kuti opanga njinga akuyamba chidwi kwambiri ndi maloboti, makamaka makampani omwe amapanga njinga zosasunthika ndi njinga zamagetsi, zomwe zimakonda kukhala zolemera kwambiri.Makampani, njinga Kubwereranso kwa bizinesi kudzalimbikitsa kuwonjezeka kwa kufunikira kwa automation mtsogolomo.”
Zaka zana zapitazo, West Side ya Chicago inali malo opangira njinga.Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1880 mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1980, kampani ya Windy City misa inapanga njinga zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, maonekedwe ndi makulidwe.Ndipotu, kwa zaka zambiri za m’ma 1900, njinga zopitirira ziŵiri mwa zitatu za njinga zonse zogulitsidwa ku United States zinasonkhanitsidwa ku Chicago.
Imodzi mwa makampani oyambirira kwambiri pamakampani, Loring & Keene (yemwe kale anali wopanga mapaipi), anayamba kupanga mtundu watsopano wa chipangizo chotchedwa "njinga" mu 1869. Pofika m'ma 1890, gawo lina la Lake Street linkadziwika kuti ndi "gulu la njinga zamoto." ” chifukwa kunali nyumba za opanga oposa 40.Mu 1897, makampani 88 aku Chicago amapanga njinga 250,000 pachaka.
Mafakitole ambiri ndi mafakitale ang'onoang'ono, koma ochepa asanduka makampani akuluakulu, akupanga matekinoloje opangira zinthu zambiri omwe pamapeto pake adatengedwa ndi makampani opanga magalimoto.Gormully & Jeffery Manufacturing Co. inali imodzi mwa opanga njinga zazikulu kwambiri ku United States kuyambira 1878 mpaka 1900. Imayendetsedwa ndi R. Philip Gormully ndi Thomas Jeffery.
Poyambirira, Gormully & Jeffery adapanga ndalama zamatayala apamwamba, koma pamapeto pake adapanga mndandanda wanjinga "otetezeka" pansi pa mtundu wa Rambler.Kampaniyo idagulidwa ndi American Bicycle Company mu 1900.
Patatha zaka ziwiri, a Thomas Jeffery anayamba kupanga magalimoto a Rambler pa fakitale yomwe ili pamtunda wa makilomita 50 kumpoto kwa Chicago ku Kenosha, Wisconsin, ndipo anakhala mpainiya woyambirira pamakampani opanga magalimoto aku America.Kupyolera mu kuphatikizika kotsatizana ndi kugula, kampani ya Jeffrey pamapeto pake idasintha kukhala magalimoto aku America ndi Chrysler.
Wopanga wina watsopano ndi Western Wheel Works, yomwe kale inkayendetsa fakitale yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ya njinga kumpoto kwa Chicago.M'zaka za m'ma 1890, kampaniyo idachita upangiri wopanga zinthu zambiri monga kupondaponda kwachitsulo komanso kuwotcherera.Western Wheel Works ndi kampani yoyamba yapanjinga yaku America kugwiritsa ntchito zida zazitsulo zosindikizidwa kuti asonkhanitse zinthu zake, kuphatikiza mtundu wogulitsidwa kwambiri wa Crescent.
Kwa zaka zambiri, mfumu yamakampani a njinga zamoto ndi Arnold, Schwinn & Co. Kampaniyo inakhazikitsidwa mu 1895 ndi mnyamata wina wa ku Germany wopanga njinga zamtundu wotchedwa Ignaz Schwinn, yemwe anasamukira ku United States ndipo anakhazikika ku Chicago kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1890.
Schwinn adakwaniritsa luso la chitsulo chowotcherera ndi kuwotcherera kuti apange chimango cholimba, chopepuka.Kuyang'ana pazabwino, kapangidwe kochititsa chidwi, kuthekera kotsatsa kosayerekezeka komanso njira yophatikizira yophatikizika yophatikizika imathandizira kampani kulamulira bizinesi yanjinga.Pofika m’chaka cha 1950, njinga imodzi mwa njinga zinayi zilizonse zogulitsidwa ku United States inali Schwinn.Kampaniyo inapanga njinga za 1 miliyoni mu 1968. Komabe, Schwinn yomaliza yopangidwa ku Chicago inapangidwa mu 1982.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-22-2021