Kudziwa kwa lens
Choyamba, lens optics
Magalasi owongolera: cholinga chachikulu chakugwiritsa ntchito magalasi ndikuwongolera zolakwika za diso la munthu ndikuwonjezera masomphenya.Magalasi okhala ndi ntchito yotere amatchedwa "magalasi owongolera".
Magalasi owongolera nthawi zambiri amakhala lens imodzi, yopangidwa ndi galasi kapena pulasitiki yoyera.Chosavuta kwambiri ndi chopangidwa ndi zigawo ziwiri zokhala ndi magalasi owoneka bwino komanso ofananirako omwe ndi owundana kuposa mpweya, onse pamodzi amatchedwa mandala.Kuwala komwazika kochokera pamalo pomwe pa chinthu chamlengalenga kumapindika ndi lens kuti apange chithunzi chimodzi ndipo zithunzi zambiri zimaphatikizidwa kupanga chithunzi.
Lens:
Malinga ndi mawonekedwe a mandala, imatha kugawidwa kukhala ma lens abwino kapena ma lens oyipa.
1. Kuphatikiza Magalasi
Imadziwikanso kuti mandala owoneka bwino, kulumikizana kopepuka, ndi "+".
(2) Kuchotsa Lens
Imadziwikanso kuti lens ya concave, kuwalako kumakhala ndi zotsatira zosokoneza, zomwe zimasonyezedwa ndi "-".
Pali malingaliro awiri osiyana okhudza chifukwa chake magalasi owongolera amatha kukonza zolakwika za diso la munthu:
1. Pambuyo pa diso la refractive aberration likuphatikizidwa ndi lens yokonza, kuphatikiza kwa refractive kumapangidwa.Izi ophatikizana refractive kuphatikiza ali ndi diopter latsopano, amene angakhoze kupanga kutali chinthu chithunzi pa photoreceptor wosanjikiza wa retina wa diso.
2. M’maso openya patali, mizati iyenera kusonkhanitsidwa isanagwirizane ndi maso a munthu;M'maso a myopic, matabwa ayenera kupatukana asanagwirizane ndi diso la munthu.Diopter yoyenera ya magalasi a orthotic imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha kusiyana kwa mtengo wofika m'diso.
Mawu odziwika bwino a lens yozungulira
Kupindika: Kupindika kwa malo.
ø Radius of curvature: utali wozungulira wopindika wa arc yozungulira.Kufupikitsa kwa utali wopindika, kumapangitsa kupindika kozungulira kwa arc.
ø Optical Center: Pamene kuwala kwawunikira kumayang'aniridwa panthawiyi, palibe zokhotakhota ndi kutembenuka kumachitika.
Miyendo yowunikira yofananira imasinthiratu mpaka podutsa mu mandala, kapena mzere wowonjezera wobwerera umasinthira ku mfundo, yomwe imatchedwa Focus.
The refraction wa magalasi
Mu 1899, a Gullstrand adaganiza zotengera kutalika kwa kutalika ngati gawo la mphamvu ya lens, yotchedwa "Dioptre" kapena "D" (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti focal degree).
D=1/f
Kumene, f ndi kutalika kwa lens mu mamita;D imayimira diopta.
Mwachitsanzo: kutalika kwapakati ndi 2 mita, D=1/2=0.50D
Kutalika kwapakati ndi 0.25 m, D=1/0.25=4.00D
Diopter yozungulira
Fomula: F = N '- (N)/R
R ndi utali wozungulira wa chigawo cha mita.N 'ndi N ndi zizindikiro zowonetsera za refractive media mbali zonse za gawolo.Kwa galasi la korona, pamene R = 0.25 m,
F= (1.523-1.00) /0.25=2.092D
Diso la diso ndi lens lopangidwa ndi zigawo ziwiri, zomwe ma diopters ake ndi ofanana ndi chiwerengero cha algebraic cha ma diopters ozungulira a kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo.
D=F1+F2= (n1-n) /R1+ (N-n1) /R2= (N1-1) (1/R1-1/R2)
Choncho, refraction wa mandala amagwirizana ndi refractive index wa mandala zinthu ndi utali wozungulira wa kupindika kwa kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa mandala.Utali wopindika wa malo akutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa mandala ndi wofanana, ndipo index ya refractive ndi yayikulu, mtengo wathunthu wa diopter ya lens ndi wapamwamba.M'malo mwake, mandala okhala ndi diopter yemweyo ali ndi cholozera chokulirapo komanso chosiyana chocheperako pakati pa kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo.
Awiri, mtundu wa mandala
Kugawikana (kuunika) ndi refractive properties
galasi lathyathyathya: galasi lathyathyathya, palibe kalilole;
Kalilore wozungulira: kuwala kozungulira;
Cilindrical galasi: astigmatism;
3. Kusintha kumene kuwala kumayendera (kukonza matenda ena a maso).
Malinga ndi chikhalidwe cha cholinga
Magalasi osayang'ana: lathyathyathya, prism;
Lens imodzi yoyang'ana: myopia, lens yowonera patali;
Multifocal mandala: ma lens apawiri olunjika kapena ma lens opita patsogolo
Malinga ndi magwiridwe antchito
Kuwongolera kowoneka
Refractive zoipa
kusokoneza dongosolo
Amblyopia galasi
chitetezo
Chitetezo ku kuwala kovulaza;
Sinthani kuwala kowoneka (Magalasi)
Chitetezo kuzinthu zovulaza (magalasi oteteza)
Malinga ndi mfundo zakuthupi
Zinthu zachilengedwe
Zida zamagalasi
Zapulasitiki
Chachitatu, chitukuko cha zipangizo mandala
Zinthu zachilengedwe
Crystal lens: Chofunikira chachikulu ndi silika.Amagawidwa mu mitundu iwiri yopanda utoto komanso yofiirira.
Ubwino: zovuta, zosavuta kuvala;Sikophweka kunyowa (chifunga sichophweka kusunga pamwamba pake);Coefficient ya kukula kwa kutentha ndi yaying'ono.
Zoyipa: uv ali ndi kuwonekera kwapadera, kosavuta kuyambitsa kutopa kowoneka;Kachulukidwe si yunifolomu, zosavuta kukhala ndi zonyansa, chifukwa birefringence;Ndi okwera mtengo.
galasi
1. Mbiri:
Magalasi a Corona amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, ndipo chigawo chachikulu ndi silika.Kutumiza kwa kuwala kowoneka ndi 80% -91.6% ndi refractive index ndi 1.512-1.53.Komabe, ngati pali vuto lalikulu la refractive, galasi lotsogolera lomwe lili ndi index yayikulu ya refractive ya 1.6-1.9 imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
2, mawonekedwe a kuwala:
(1) Refractive index: n=1.523, 1.702, etc
(2) kubalalitsidwa: chifukwa pali ma refractions osiyanasiyana a kutalika kwa kuwala
(3) Kunyezimira kwa kuwala: Kukwera kwa refractive index, kumakhalanso kwakukulu
(4) kuyamwa: pamene kuwala kumadutsa mu galasi, mphamvu yake imachepa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa makulidwe.
(5) Birefringence: isotropy nthawi zambiri imafunika
(6) Digiri yamphepo: chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake kake mkati mwagalasi, cholozera cha refractive pamphepete ndi chosiyana ndi thupi lalikulu lagalasi, zomwe zimakhudza mawonekedwe azithunzi.
3. Mitundu ya magalasi agalasi:
(1) Mapiritsi a Toric
Imadziwikanso kuti mbale yoyera, mbale yoyera, mbale yoyera yoyera
Zosakaniza zofunika: Sodium titaniyamu silicate
Features: colorless mandala, mkulu tanthauzo;Imatha kuyamwa cheza cha ultraviolet pansi pa 330A, ndikuwonjezera CeO2 ndi TiO2 ku piritsi yoyera kuti muteteze kuwala kwa ultraviolet pansi pa 346A, komwe kumatchedwa piritsi loyera la UV.Kutumiza kwa kuwala kowoneka ndi 91-92%, ndipo refractive index ndi 1.523.
(2) Tabuleti ya Croxus
William waku England mu 1914. Anapangidwa ndi Croxus.
Mawonekedwe: 87% kuwala
Zotsatira zamitundu iwiri: buluu wowala pansi pa kuwala kwa dzuwa, komwe kumadziwikanso kuti buluu.Koma mu nyali incandescent kuwala wofiira (wokhala neodymium zitsulo chinthu) akhoza kuyamwa 340A pansipa ultraviolet, mbali ya infuraredi ndi 580A chikasu looneka kuwala;Tsopano sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri
(3) Mapiritsi a Croseto
CeO2 ndi MnO2 amawonjezedwa muzinthu za mandala oyera kuti apititse patsogolo kuyamwa kwa ultraviolet.Lens yamtunduwu imatchedwanso pepala lofiira chifukwa imawonetsa kuwala kofiira ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi nyali yoyaka.
Mawonekedwe: imatha kuyamwa cheza cha ultraviolet pansi pa 350A;Kutumiza kuli pamwamba pa 88%;
(4) filimu yowonda kwambiri
Kuonjezera TiO2 ndi PbO kuzinthu zopangira kumawonjezera chiwerengero cha refractive.Refractive index ndi 1.70,
Mawonekedwe: pafupifupi 1/3 woonda kuposa piritsi wamba yoyera kapena yofiira yokhala ndi diopter yomweyi, yoyenera myopia yayikulu, mawonekedwe okongola;Abbe coefficient ndi otsika, mtundu aberration ndi lalikulu, zosavuta chifukwa zotumphukira masomphenya kuchepetsa, mizere kupinda, mtundu;High pamwamba reflectivity.
(5) 1.60 galasi mandala
Mawonekedwe: Refractive index ndi 1.60, yowonda kuposa mandala agalasi wamba (1.523), ndipo yocheperako kuposa magalasi owonda kwambiri (1.70) ali ndi gawo laling'ono, ndiye kuti ndi yopepuka, yoyenera kwambiri kwa omwe amavala ma degree apakatikati, opanga ena amawatcha kuti kuwala kopitilira muyeso. ndi ma lens owonda kwambiri.
Magalasi apulasitiki
Magalasi oyamba a thermoplastic opangidwa mu 1940 (Acrylic)
Mu 1942, Pittsburgh plate Glass Company, USA, inatulukira CR-39 material, (C imaimira Columbia Space Agency, R imaimira Resin Resin) pokonza zipangizo za NASA Space Shuttle.
Mu 1954, Essilor adapanga magalasi a dzuwa a cr-39
Mu 1956, kampani ya Essilor ku France idayesa bwino magalasi a kuwala ndi CR-39.
Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, magalasi a resin akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lapansi.Mu 1994, kuchuluka kwa malonda padziko lonse lapansi kudafika 30% ya magalasi onse.
Magalasi apulasitiki:
1, polymethyl methacrylate (chipepala cha acrylic, ACRYLICLENS)]
Mawonekedwe: refractive index 1.499;Mphamvu yokoka yeniyeni 1.19;Amagwiritsidwa ntchito koyambirira kwa ma lens olimba;Kuuma si kwabwino, pamwamba ndi kosavuta kukanda;Tsopano amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga magalasi okonzeka, monga magalasi owerengera okonzeka.
Ubwino: Wopepuka kuposa magalasi agalasi.
Zoipa: pamwamba kuuma ngati galasi mandala;Mawonekedwe a kuwala ndi otsika poyerekeza ndi magalasi agalasi.
2, pepala la utomoni (woimira kwambiri ndi CR-39)
Makhalidwe: dzina la mankhwala ndi propylene diethylene glycol carbonate, ndizovuta komanso zowonekera;Refractive index ndi 1.499;Kutumiza 92%;Kukhazikika kwamafuta: palibe mapindikidwe pansipa 150 ℃;Madzi abwino komanso kukana dzimbiri (kupatula asidi amphamvu), osasungunuka muzosungunulira organic.
Ubwino: mphamvu yokoka yeniyeni ya 1.32, theka la galasi, kuwala;Kukana kwamphamvu, kusasunthika, malingaliro amphamvu achitetezo (mogwirizana ndi miyezo ya FDA);Womasuka kuvala;Kukonzekera kosavuta, kugwiritsa ntchito kwakukulu (kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito theka la chimango, chimango chosasunthika);Mndandanda wazinthu zolemera (kuwala kumodzi, kuwala kowirikiza kawiri, kuyang'ana kwamitundu yambiri, ng'ala, kusintha kwa mtundu, ndi zina zotero);Mayamwidwe ake a UV ndi okwera mosavuta kuposa ma lens agalasi;Ikhoza kupakidwa utoto mumitundu yosiyanasiyana;
Kutentha kwa matenthedwe kumakhala kochepa, ndipo "nkhungu yamadzi" yobwera chifukwa cha nthunzi yamadzi ndi yabwino kuposa magalasi agalasi.
kuipa: osauka kuvala kukana kwa mandala, zosavuta kukanda;Ndi index yotsika ya refractive, mandala ndi 1.2-1.3 nthawi zokulirapo kuposa magalasi agalasi.
Kukula:
(1) Kuti mugonjetse kukana kwa zinthuzo, mkati mwa zaka za m'ma 1980, ukadaulo wowumitsa magalasi adapambana;General utomoni mandala, pamwamba kuuma pamwamba kuuma kwa 2-3h, pambuyo kuumitsa mankhwala, kuuma kwa 4-5h, panopa, makampani ambiri anapezerapo kuuma kwa 6-7h wapamwamba kwambiri utomoni mandala.(2) Pofuna kuchepetsa makulidwe a lens, mapepala a resin okhala ndi ma refractive indexes osiyanasiyana adapangidwa bwino
(3) Kuchiza kwa chifunga chopanda madzi: kuphimba filimu yolimba, yomwe imakhala ndi mamolekyu omata, omwe amachititsa kuti mayamwidwe amadzimadzi, mamolekyu akuuma.Chinyezi cha chilengedwe chikakhala chotsika kuposa cha mandala, nembanembayo imatulutsa chinyezi.Chinyezi cha chilengedwe chikakhala chapamwamba kuposa cha lens, nembanembayo imatenga madzi.Chinyezi chozungulira chikakhala chapamwamba kwambiri kuposa chinyontho cha lens, mamolekyu omata amadzimadzi amasintha madzi ambiri kukhala filimu yamadzi.
3. Polycarbonate (piritsi la PC) amatchedwanso mandala am'mlengalenga pamsika.
Mawonekedwe: refractive index 1.586;Kulemera kopepuka;Makamaka oyenera mafelemu frameless.
Ubwino: Kukana kwamphamvu kwamphamvu;Zosamva mphamvu kuposa ma lens a resin.
Magalasi apadera
Mafilimu a Photochromic
Mawonekedwe: Tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta siliva timawonjezeredwa kuzinthu zopangira ma lens.Pansi pa cheza cha ultraviolet mu kuwala kwa dzuwa, siliva halide amawola mu halogen ayoni ndi siliva ayoni, motero kusintha mtundu.Malinga ndi mphamvu ya kuwala kwa ultraviolet mu kuwala kwa dzuwa, mlingo wa kusinthika ndi wosiyana;Uv ikasowa, mandala amasintha kubwerera ku mtundu wake wakale.
Ubwino: Imakonza zolakwika zowunikira odwala komanso kuwirikiza ngati magalasi adzuwa panja.
Itha kusintha kuwala m'maso nthawi iliyonse kuti isawone bwino;Mosasamala kanthu za kusinthika kwake, nthawi zonse imatenga kuwala kwa ultraviolet bwino;
Zoipa: mandala wandiweyani, nthawi zambiri magalasi 1.523;Digiriyo ikakwera, mtunduwo siwofanana (wopepuka pakati).Pambuyo pa nthawi yayitali ya mandala, kusinthika kwamtundu ndi liwiro la kusinthika kumachepetsa;Mtundu wa pepala limodzi ndi wosagwirizana
Zomwe zimayambitsa kusintha kwamtundu
1, mtundu wamagwero owunikira: kuwala kwa ultraviolet wavelength kuwala, kusintha kwamitundu mwachangu, ndende yayikulu;Kuwala kwa Ultraviolet kwautali wavelength kuwala, pang'onopang'ono kusintha kwa mtundu, ndende yaying'ono.
2. Kuwala kwamphamvu: Kuwala kotalika, mtundu umasintha mwachangu komanso kuchulukirachulukira (mapiri ndi matalala)
3, kutentha: kutentha kwapamwamba, kusinthasintha kwamtundu, kumapangitsanso ndende.
4, makulidwe a mandala: kukhuthala kwa disolo, kuzama kwa ma discoloration (palibe mphamvu pa liwiro)
Malangizo ogulitsa mapiritsi a photochromic
1. Posintha pepala limodzi, mtunduwo nthawi zambiri umakhala wosagwirizana.Ndibwino kuti makasitomala asinthe zidutswa ziwiri panthawi imodzi.
2, chifukwa cha kuchepa pang'onopang'ono, nthawi zambiri mkati ndi kunja kwa makasitomala amkati, sizovomerezeka (ophunzira)
3. Chifukwa cha makulidwe osiyanasiyana a lens ndi kusinthika kwamtundu, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisafanane ngati kusiyana kwa diopter pakati pa maso awiri a kasitomala ndi oposa 2.00d.
4, myopia yayikulu kumverera kwakuda, m'mphepete kwina ndi kusiyana kwamtundu wapakati, osati kukongola.
5, kuwerenga magalasi pakati mtundu zotsatira ndi otsika, osati ndi mtundu kusintha mandala.
6, kusiyana pakati pa magalasi apanyumba ndi omwe amatumizidwa kunja: m'nyumba kuposa magalasi obwera kunja, mtundu wocheperako, pang'onopang'ono, mtundu wakuya, mtundu wofewa wotumizidwa kunja.
Anti-radiation lens:
Mu mandala zinthu kuwonjezera zinthu zapadera kapena wapadera odana-renyezimira filimu, kutsekereza cheza kuwala kuthetsa kutopa diso.
Magalasi a aspherical:
Ndege yozungulira (monga parabola) yokhala ndi gawo losazungulira lomwelo pamameridians onse.Mawonedwe a m'mphepete alibe kupotoza ndipo ndi 1/3 woonda kuposa magalasi wamba (prism ndi woonda).
Polarizing mandala:
Lens yokhala ndi kuwala komwe imanjenjemera mbali imodzi yokha imatchedwa polarizing lens.
Cholinga chogwiritsa ntchito ma lens polarizing: kutsekereza kunyezimira kwa kuwala komwe kumawonekera pamtunda.
Njira zopewera kugwiritsa ntchito:
(1) Kukhalitsa si bwino, nthawi yaitali kukhudzana ndi madzi, pamwamba filimu n'zosavuta kugwa.
(2) pakuyika galasi lagalasi, ngati pali nkhawa yamkati, idzakhudza zotsatira zake polarization.
Chidutswa chowala kawiri
Mawonekedwe: pali magawo awiri pa lens imodzi, ndi mandala ang'onoang'ono omwe ali pamwamba pa mandala wamba;Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa odwala omwe ali ndi presbyopia kuti awone kutali ndi pafupi mosinthana;Kumtunda ndiko kuwala pamene mukuyang'ana patali (nthawi zina lathyathyathya), ndipo kuwala kwapansi ndi kuwala pamene mukuwerenga;Kutalika kwa mtunda kumatchedwa kuwala kwapamwamba, mtengo wapafupi umatchedwa kuwala kochepa, ndipo kusiyana pakati pa kuwala kwapamwamba ndi kutsika ndi ADD (kuwala kowonjezera).
Ubwino: odwala presbyopia safunika kusintha magalasi pamene akuwona pafupi ndi kutali.
Zoipa: yang'anani patali ndikuwona pafupi kutembenuka mukadumpha chodabwitsa (prism effect);Mwachionekere ndi wosiyana ndi magalasi wamba m’maonekedwe.Munda wa masomphenya ndi wocheperako.
Malinga ndi mawonekedwe a gawo lowala pansi pa mandala a bifocal, litha kugawidwa mu:
Kuwala kwa kuwala
Mawonekedwe: malo owoneka bwino kwambiri pansi pa kuwala, chithunzi chaching'ono chodumphira chodabwitsa, kusinthika kwamitundu yaying'ono, makulidwe akulu am'mphepete, kukongola, kulemera kwakukulu
Kuwala kosalala kawiri
Dome Double Light (wosawoneka kawiri kuwala)
Makhalidwe: mzere wamalire siwowonekera;Kuchuluka kwa m'mphepete sikuwonjezeka ndi kuwonjezeka kwa digiri yapafupi yogwiritsira ntchito;Koma chodabwitsa cha chithunzi kulumpha ndi zoonekeratu
Magalasi a Progressive Multifocus
Mawonekedwe: Magawo angapo pamagalasi amodzi;Mlingo wa gulu lopita patsogolo pakati pa mandala amasintha mfundo ndi mfundo kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi.
Ubwino: mandala omwewo amatha kuwona mtunda wakutali, wapakatikati komanso wapafupi;Magalasi alibe malire owonekera, kotero sikophweka kuzindikirika.Kuchokera ofukula malangizo a chapakati mbali maso samamva kulumpha chodabwitsa.
Zoipa: Mtengo wapamwamba;Mayeso ndi ovuta;Pali malo akhungu kumbali zonse za lens;Magalasi akulu, nthawi zambiri 1.50 resin (yatsopano 1.60)
Kuyerekeza kwa mawonekedwe pakati pa ma lens a bifocal ndi asymptotic multi-focus lens
Kuwala kawiri:
(1) Pali kusiyana koonekeratu pakati pa zigawo zosiyanasiyana.Maonekedwewo sali okongola, akupatsa anthu kuganiza kuti wovalayo ndi wokalamba
(2) mtunda wapakati wosamveka, monga: kusewera mahjong, etc.
(3) Chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa mfundo ziwiri, zomwe zimabweretsa zopinga zowoneka: chithunzicho chinagwedezeka kapena kudumpha, kotero kuti wogwiritsa ntchitoyo amakhala ndi kumverera kopanda kanthu, popanda chidaliro kuyenda pa masitepe kapena pakati pa misewu.
(4) Kugwiritsa ntchito ndi chitukuko cha zipangizo ndi zochepa.
Masitepe:
(1) Kuchokera patali mpaka pafupi ndi mzere wosadukiza, mtunda wapakati umamveka bwino.
(2) Maonekedwe okongola, osaoneka.
(3) Lumphani popanda chithunzi, yendani molimba mtima pamasitepe ndi pakati pa misewu.
(4) Mapangidwe ndi zipangizo zonse zikusintha.
(5) kuonda kuposa mandala amodzi omwewo.
(6) Chotsani kutopa kwamaso ndikuwongolera thanzi labwino.
Ma lens a Multifocus ndi oyenera kuzinthu
(1) Presbyopia, makamaka presbyopia yoyambirira.
(2) Amene sakukhutitsidwa ndi kuvala magalasi awiri (kuonera patali ndi kuona pafupi).
(3) Amene sakukhutira ndi kuvala zovala zachikhalidwe.
(4) Odwala myopia achinyamata.
Mwaukadaulo:
Oyenera: osintha maso pafupipafupi, maprofesa (ophunzitsa), oyang'anira (msonkhano), eni sitolo, osewera makhadi.
Zosasangalatsa: dotolo wamano, ogwira ntchito zamagetsi kapena okonza makina (nthawi zambiri amatseka strabismus kapena kuyang'ana mmwamba), nthawi yogwira ntchito yotseka ndi yayitali kwambiri, ngati mukufuna mutu woyenda mwachangu, ngati mukufunika kuyandikira masomphenya mukamayang'ana mmwamba, monga kuyang'ana tebulo kapena alumali pakhoma (oyendetsa ndege ndi ogwira ntchito pamadzi, ogwiritsa ntchito zida zazikulu), kaya ayang'ane kapena osayang'ana kutali (ogwira ntchito yomanga, ndi zina zotero)
Physiologically:
Oyenera: malo a maso ndi kuphatikizika kwa munthu wamba, magalasi awiri osiyana digiri yaing'ono, banja la magalasi a myopia
Zosasangalatsa: strabismus kapena chobisika strabismus, chikope hypertrophic kutsekereza mzere wa maso, mkulu astigmatism, kuwala kumtunda ndi ADD mkulu mlingo wa anthu.
Ndi zaka:
Oyenera: odwala oyambilira a presbyopia pafupifupi zaka 40 (osavuta kusintha chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa ADD)
Zosasangalatsa: Pakadali pano, ADD yamasewera oyamba ku China ndiyokwera kwambiri.Ngati ADD idutsa 2.5d, kaya thupi lili bwino kapena ayi liyenera kuganiziridwa.
Kuchokera ku mbiri yovala magalasi:
Oyenera: omwe adavala kale ma bifocals, myopic presbyopia (magalasi a myopic progressive multi-focus ndi osavuta kusintha)
Zosayenera: choyambirira sichivala lens astigmatism, tsopano digiri ya astigmatism ndi yapamwamba kapena ili ndi mbiri yovala lens koma astigmatism ndi yochuluka kwambiri (nthawi zambiri kuposa 2.00d);Anisometropia;
Momwe mungafotokozere malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito kwa alendo
(1) Yambitsani kugawa kwa digiri ya lens ndi kugawa kwapang'onopang'ono
(2) Wogula akayika m’maso, mutsogolereni kasitomala kuti apeze malo abwino owonera posuntha mutu wa mutu (sunthani maso mmwamba ndi pansi, sunthani mutu kumanzere ndi kumanja)
(3) nthawi zambiri 3-14 masiku a kusintha kwa nyengo, kotero kuti ubongo umapanga reflex yokhazikika, pang'onopang'ono kusintha (kuwonjezera digiri, nthawi yosinthika ndi yaitali).
Zizindikiro za zovuta ndi magalasi opita patsogolo
Malo owerengera ndi ochepa kwambiri
Kusawona bwino
Chizungulire, kumverera kosasunthika, kuyendayenda, kumva kugwedezeka
Kuwona kosawoneka bwino komanso zinthu zosawoneka bwino
Tembenukirani kapena kupendekera mutu wanu kuti muwone powerenga
Zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto ndi magalasi opita patsogolo
Mtunda wolakwika pakati pa diso limodzi
Kutalika kwa mandala ndikolakwika
Diopter yolakwika
Kusankhidwa kwa chimango ndi kuvala molakwika
Kusintha kwa maziko a arc (nthawi zambiri kusalala)
Funsani kasitomala kuti agwiritse ntchito mandala opita patsogolo
(1) Kugwiritsa ntchito malo akutali
"Chonde yang'anani patali ndipo yang'anani pa masomphenya omveka bwino" akuwonetsa kusintha kwa kusawona bwino komanso kowoneka bwino patali pamene chibwano chikuyenda mmwamba ndi pansi.
(2) Kugwiritsa ntchito malo oyandikira
“Chonde yang’anani m’nyuzipepala ndi kuona kumene mungathe kuona bwinobwino.”Sonyezani kusintha kwa masomphenya pamene mukusuntha mutu kuchokera mbali kupita kwina kapena kusuntha nyuzipepala.
(3) Kugwiritsa ntchito malo apakati
“Chonde yang’anani m’nyuzipepala ndi kuona kumene mungathe kuona bwinobwino.”Sunthani nyuzipepala panja kuti muwonjezere mtunda wowerenga.Sonyezani mmene kusawona bwino kungabwezeretsedwe mwa kusintha malo a mutu kapena kusuntha nyuzipepala.Sonyezani kusintha kwa masomphenya pamene mukusuntha mutu kapena nyuzipepala kumbali.
Zisanu, zina zofunika magawo a mandala
Mndandanda wa refractive
Mndandanda wa refractive wa lens umatsimikiziridwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.Magawo ena omwe ali ofanana, mandala okhala ndi index yotsika kwambiri amakhala ochepa.
Lens diopter (chithunzithunzi chokhazikika)
M'mayunitsi a D, 1D ndi ofanana ndi omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa madigiri 100.
Makulidwe apakati a mandala (T)
Kwa zinthu zomwezo ndi kuwala, makulidwe apakati amatsimikizira mwachindunji makulidwe a m'mphepete mwa mandala.Mwachidziwitso, makulidwe apakati ang'onoang'ono, mawonekedwe a lens amachepa, koma makulidwe apakati ang'onoang'ono angayambitse.
1. Magalasi ndi osalimba, osatetezeka kuvala komanso ovuta kuwakonza ndikunyamula.
2. Kuwala kwapakati ndikosavuta kusintha.Chifukwa chake mulingo wadziko uli ndi malamulo ofananirako makulidwe apakati pa mandala, mandala oyenerera akhoza kukhala okulirapo m'malo mwake.Chitetezo pakati makulidwe a mandala galasi> 0.7mm Chitetezo pakati makulidwe a utomoni mandala> 1.1mm
Dipo la lens
Imatanthawuza kukula kwa mandala ozungulira.
Kukula kwa mainchesi a lens, kumakhala kosavuta kwa wopanga kuti apeze mtunda wolondola wa wophunzira wa kasitomala.
Kukula kwake kumakhala kokulirapo pakati
Kukula kwa mainchesi a lens ndikokwera mtengo wofananawo
Six, anti-filimu luso
(1) kusokoneza kuwala;Kotero kuti zokutira zimanyezimira kuwala ndi mandala kusonyeza kuwala Crest ndi ufa zimagwirizana.
(2) Zoyenera kupanga chiwonetsero cha lens zero (filimu ya monolayer):
A. Mndandanda wa refractive wa zinthu zokutira ndi wofanana ndi muzu wa sikweya wa index ya refractive ya ma lens.Pamene n=1.523, n1=1.234.
B. Kukhuthala kwake ndi 1/4 ya kutalika kwa mawonekedwe a kuwala, mawonekedwe achikasu ndi 550nm, ndipo makulidwe ake ndi 138 nm.
(3) Zida zokutira ndi njira
Zida: MgF2, Sb2O3, SiO2
Njira: Chotsani pansi pa kutentha kwambiri
(4) Makhalidwe a mandala okutidwa
Ubwino: kupititsa patsogolo kufalikira, kuwonjezera kumveka;Chokongola, chosawoneka bwino;Kuchepetsa ma vortexes a lens (ma vortexes amayamba chifukwa cha kuwala komwe kumawonekera kuchokera m'mphepete mwa lens komwe kumawonekera kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa mandala kangapo);Chotsani chinyengo (mkati mwa mandala amavomereza kuwonetsera kwa kuwala kwa zochitika kumbuyo kwake mu diso, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kutulutsa kutopa kowonekera);Kuchulukitsa kukana kuwala koyipa (kuwonetseredwa bwino ndi kusiyana ndi magalasi opanda membrane).
Zoyipa: madontho amafuta, zolemba zala zimawonetsa bwino;Mtundu wa filimuyo ndi wodziwikiratu kuchokera kumbali ya Angle
Zisanu ndi ziwiri, kusankha mandala
Kufuna kwamakasitomala kwa mandala: okongola, omasuka komanso otetezeka
Zokongola komanso zoonda: index refractive, mphamvu yamakina
Kukhalitsa: kukana kuvala, kusasintha
Osawonetsa: onjezani filimu
Osadetsedwa: filimu yopanda madzi
Kuwala bwino:
Mawonekedwe abwino a kuwala: transmittance kuwala, dispersion index, dyeability
Kutetezedwa kwa UV ndi kukana kwamphamvu
Momwe mungathandizire makasitomala kusankha magalasi:
1. Sankhani zipangizo malinga ndi zofunikira
Kukana kwamphamvu: kukumana ndi mayeso a SAFETY a muyezo wa FDA, mandala samasweka mosavuta.
Lens yoyera: njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira ma polymerization, index yotsika yachikasu, yosavuta kukalamba, mawonekedwe okongola.
Kuwala: mphamvu yokoka yeniyeni ndi yochepa, wovalayo amamva kuwala ndi kumasuka, ndipo palibe kukakamiza pamphuno.
Valani kukana: kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo watsopano wa silicon oxide hard, kukana kwake kuyandikira pafupi ndi galasi.
2. Sankhani refractive index malinga ndi kasitomala luminosity
3, malinga ndi zosowa za kasitomala kusankha zoyenera pamwamba mankhwala
4. Sankhani zopangidwa malinga ndi mtengo wamaganizo wamakasitomala
5. Zofunikira zina
Kuwerengera kwa mitundu yonse ya magalasi kuyenera kumveka kutengera momwe zinthu zilili m'sitolo, kuphatikiza:
1. Mndandanda wazinthu zomwe zilipo
2, ikhoza kusinthidwa kukhala gawo la fakitale ya fakitale, kuzungulira
3. Magalasi omwe sangapangidwe
Zoipa: kukonza ndizovuta;Pamwamba pamakhala kosavuta kukanda, kusakhazikika kwamafuta, kusintha kwa madigiri 100 Celsius
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-01-2021