Zomwe zimachitika pafupipafupi, magalasi amtundu uliwonse amatuluka mosalekeza, ndiye kuti magalasi amtundu wamtunduwu adasintha bwanji kukhala vuto lomwe aliyense amasamala kwambiri.Chifukwa magalasi a myopia akuwoneka bwino, ndiye kusankha kwa odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi vuto la myopia, m'munsimu kuti magalasi a myopia asinthe momwe angakudziwitse mwatsatanetsatane.
Magalasi a photochromic amapangidwa powonjezera kuchuluka koyenera kwa siliva bromide ndi copper oxide micrograins mu galasi wamba.Ikayatsidwa ndi kuwala kwamphamvu, siliva bromide imasanduka siliva ndi bromine.Tinjere ting'onoting'ono tasiliva tomwe timawola timapatsa galasilo mtundu woderapo.Kuwalako kukati mdima, siliva ndi bromine zinapangidwa ndi copper oxide kupanganso silver bromide.Chotsatira chake, mtundu wa magalasiwo unakhalanso wopepuka.
"Magalasi a photochromic" ndi "magalasi a dzuwa" owoneka bwino kwambiri
Ndioyenera kwa anthu onse, kuphatikiza anthu afupifupi
Choyamba, mandala amapangidwa ndi galasi losawoneka bwino
Galasi yomwe imasintha mtundu ikayatsidwa ndi kuwala kwa utali woyenerera ndi kubwezeretsanso mtundu wake wakale pomwe gwero la kuwala lichotsedwa.Amatchedwanso galasi la photochromic kapena galasi lowala.Galasi yosintha mtundu imapangidwa powonjezera zinthu zamtundu wopepuka mugalasi laiwisi.Nkhaniyi ili ndi mamolekyu awiri osiyana kapena boma dongosolo lamagetsi, m'dera looneka kuwala pali awiri osiyana mayamwidwe coefficient, pansi pa zochita za kuwala, akhoza kusuntha kuchokera dongosolo lina ndi mtundu wina wa dongosolo, chifukwa cha kusintha mtundu kusintha, wamba munali siliva. galasi lamtundu wa halide, aluminiyamu mu galasi la sodium borate kuti muwonjezerepo siliva halide (AgX) pang'ono ngati chotsitsimutsa, Mukawonjezera ma ion amkuwa ndi cadmium monga sensitizer, galasilo limasakanikirana ndikutenthedwa pa kutentha koyenera kuti silivayo ipangike. halide imakhazikika mu particles.Ikawalitsidwa ndi kuwala kwa ultraviolet kapena funde lalifupi la kuwala kowoneka, ayoni asiliva amachepetsedwa kukhala maatomu asiliva, ndipo maatomu angapo asiliva amasonkhana mu colloid kupanga galasi mtundu;Kuwala kukayima, maatomu asiliva amakhala ma ion asiliva ndipo amazimiririka ndi kuwala kwa kutentha kapena kuwala kwakutali (kofiira kapena infrared).
Galasi yosintha mtundu wa siliva silver halide sikophweka kutopa, pambuyo pa kusintha kopitilira 300,000 mu kuwala ndi mthunzi, komabe sikulephera, ndizinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magalasi osintha mitundu.Galasi yosintha mtundu ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito posungira zidziwitso ndikuwonetsa, kutembenuka kwazithunzi, kuwongolera kuwala komanso kusintha.
Awiri, mfundo kusintha mtundu
Magalasi omwe mandala amasintha mtundu ngati kuwala kozungulira kukusintha.Dzina lonse la magalasi a photochromic, omwe amadziwikanso kuti magalasi amtundu wopepuka.Mtundu wa lens umakhala wakuda ndipo kuwala kumachepa pamene lens imayatsidwa ndi kuwala kwa ultraviolet ndi kuwala kwafupipafupi kowoneka ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa.M'nyumba kapena ma lens amdima, kuwala kumawonjezeka, kuzimiririka kuti zibwezeretse kuwona.Photochromism ya mandala imakhala yodziwikiratu komanso yosinthika.Magalasi osintha mtundu amatha kusintha kusintha kwa kuwala kudzera mu kusintha kwa mtundu wa lens, kuti diso la munthu lizitha kusintha kusintha kwa kuwala kwa chilengedwe, kuchepetsa kutopa kwa maso, kuteteza maso.Chromic mandala chromic asanagawidwe popanda mtundu woyambira ndi mtundu wopepuka ali ndi mitundu iwiri yamitundu yoyambira;Mtundu pambuyo pa kusinthika kwenikweni ndi imvi, tawny mitundu iwiri.
1964 Corning Glass Company inapanga galasi la photochromic.Pakadali pano, omwe amapanga magalasi owoneka bwino padziko lonse lapansi ndi makampani agalasi aku United States ndi France, kampani yapadera yamagalasi ya Germany Schott Group ndi kampani ya The UK Chance Pilkington.Beijing, China, ndi opanga ena amapanga mitundu - kusintha magalasi.
Lens ya chromic imakhala ndi ma microcrystals a silver halide (silver chloride, silver bromide).Ikayatsidwa ndi kuwala koyatsidwa monga kuwala kwa ultraviolet kapena kuwala kochepa kowoneka bwino, ion halide imatulutsa ma elekitironi, omwe amatengedwa ndi ayoni wasiliva, ndipo zotsatirazi zimachitika:
Silver halide yopanda mtundu imasweka kukhala maatomu asiliva osawoneka bwino ndi ma atomu owoneka bwino a halogen, omwe amamwa kuwala ndikupangitsa kuti mandala asawonekere.Popeza halogen mu mandala osinthika samathawa, zosinthika zimatha kuchitika.Kuwala koyambitsanso kuchotsedwa, siliva ndi halogen zimaphatikizidwanso kuti zibwezeretse magalasi ku mawonekedwe ake owoneka bwino, opanda mtundu kapena owala.Zomwe zili mu silver halide micrograins ndi pafupifupi 4×1015 / cm3, m'mimba mwake ndi pafupifupi 80 ~ 150, ndipo mtunda wapakati pakati pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi pafupifupi 600. The photochromic katundu wa magalasi osinthika amafotokozedwa ndi mdima - kubwezeretsa khalidwe lopindika (onani chithunzi).TO ndiye katulutsidwe koyambirira kwa galasi la lens isanawonekere, ndipo TD ndiye njira yotumizira ma lens pa 550nm wavelength pambuyo pakuwonekera KWA 5× 104Lx nyali ya xenon kwa mphindi 15.THF ndi theka la nthawi yochira, ndiye kuti, nthawi yofunikira kuti ma lens otayika abwererenso pambuyo poyimitsa.Mkulu khalidwe kusintha mandala ayenera mandala, mulibe emulsifying mtundu ndi luster, theka kuchira nthawi yochepa, mofulumira kuchira.Kutumiza koyambirira kwa magalasi a chromic popanda mtundu woyamba ndi pafupifupi 90%.Kutumiza koyambirira kwa magalasi achromatic okhala ndi mtundu woyambira kumatha kukhala otsika mpaka 60 ~ 70%.Kutumiza kwa magalasi amtundu wa magalasi osintha ma lens kumatsika mpaka 20 ~ 30% pambuyo pakuwala.Mtundu womasuka wa ma discoloration lens discoloration ndi osaya, kuwala kowala pambuyo pa transmittance pafupifupi 40 ~ 50%.
Chachitatu, kupanga
Magalasi otulutsa magalasi pogwiritsa ntchito magalasi osinthika molingana ndi kapangidwe kake amagawidwa mugalasi la borosilicate discoloration ndi galasi la aluminium phosphate discoloration.China, United States, Germany ndi galasi lina la borosilicate, United Kingdom imagwiritsa ntchito galasi la aluminium phosphate.
Kupanga magalasi osintha magalasi opanda kanthu kumaphatikizapo kukonzekera kwapawiri, kusungunuka kwa magalasi, kukanikiza akamaumba ndi chithandizo cha kutentha.Kusungunuka kosalekeza kumagwiritsidwa ntchito posungunula magalasi osinthika padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo pali njira ziwiri zosungunula platinamu imodzi ndikusungunuka mosalekeza ku China.Pambuyo mtundu kusintha mandala mbamuikha mu mawonekedwe, kutentha mankhwala ayenera kuchitidwa pansi pa ulamuliro okhwima kutentha kupanga galasi gawo kugawanika ndi kulamulidwa kupanga ambiri omwazika ndi zabwino siliva halide microcrystals, amene amapereka mandala photochromism.
Chachinayi, kupanga zipangizo
Galasi yokhala ndi siliva bromide (kapena silver chloride) ndi trace copper oxide ndi mtundu wagalasi wosinthika, ukayatsidwa ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa kapena cheza cha ultraviolet, bromidi ya siliva imawonongeka, maatomu asiliva (AgBr==Ag+Br), mphamvu ya atomiki yasiliva kukopa kuwala kowoneka, pamene maatomu asiliva asonkhanitsidwa ku nambala inayake, gawo lowala pagalasi limatengeka, Galasi losawoneka lopanda mtundu limakhala filimu panthawi ino, pamene galasi mumdima, pambuyo pa kusintha kwa mtundu pansi pa catalysis yamkuwa. okusayidi, siliva ndi maatomu a bromine amatha kuphatikizana kukhala bromidi yasiliva (Ag + Br = = AgBr), chifukwa ma ion asiliva samayamwa kuwala kowoneka bwino, kotero galasi limakhala lopanda utoto, lowoneka bwino, iyi ndiye mfundo yayikulu yosinthira magalasi.
Pangani galasi lazenera lokhala ndi galasi losintha, lingapangitse kuwala komwe kumadutsa dzuwa lotentha kumakhala kozizira komanso kukhala ndi malingaliro ozizira, kusintha galasi lamoto lingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga magalasi a dzuwa, kukhala magalasi osintha mtundu kuchokera pa izi.
Pazochitika zachilendo, kuyesa kwa photometric kokha kumagwirizanitsidwa molondola sikungawononge diso, koma chifukwa chakuti munthu aliyense amagwiritsira ntchito diso mofanana, kotero musamayimire magalasi pambuyo pa diopta sichidzawonjezeka.The msika mtundu wa mandala myopic makamaka filimu wosanjikiza discoloration ndi filimu m'munsi discoloration mitundu iwiri, kusiyana ndi kuti filimu amasintha anachita liwiro mofulumira, palibe kusiyana mtundu, mtengo ndi okwera mtengo pang'ono.Liwiro la gawo lapansi ndi pang'onopang'ono, ngati mlingo wa kumanzere ndi kumanja siziwoneka kusiyana mtundu, koma angakwanitse, yaitali ntchito nthawi.Ngati tayipitsidwa, sikulimbikitsidwa kuvala kwa nthawi yayitali.
Sinthani magalasi amtundu wa myopic amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosavuta, safuna magalasi apadera, ndi magalasi a wodwala myopic.Komabe, zimatenga nthawi kuti zisinthe mtundu, zomwe sizoyenera malo omwe kuwala kumasintha mofulumira ndipo sikungasinthidwe kwamuyaya.Kutalika kwa myopia ndi munthu amene ali ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kwa digiri ya maso awiri sayenera kufanana ndi kusintha kwa mtundu wa chidutswa.
Nanga bwanji magalasi osintha mawonekedwe a myopia?Zoonadi kusintha magalasi amtundu wa myopic ndi magalasi opanda mtundu, sikungapangitse digiri ya maso kukhala yozama chifukwa chotenga utoto, kuvala magalasi kuti mungofuna kumvetsera zatsatanetsatane, osanama mwachitsanzo, werengani buku, onerani TV ndikugwiritsa ntchito kompyuta mpaka pano. ngati nkotheka musadalire pafupi kwambiri, apo ayi digiri ya myopic imatha kuzama pang'onopang'ono.
Onani pamwambapa "kusintha magalasi a myopia momwe" yambitsani, khulupirirani kuti mwamvetsetsa kusintha magalasi a myopia.Kumbukirani, magalasi a myopia ayenera kupita ku dipatimenti ya optometry yokhazikika, kuti musalakwitse.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-04-2021